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Ching-cheng Huang
Ching-cheng Huang (1912–1943) ( 黃清埕 ; also 黃清呈 ; pinyin: Huang Qingcheng; in Taiwan: Huang Ching-cheng; also: Huang Ch’ing-ch’eng ) is a Taiwanese sculptor.〔See:J.Y.Lai, Cultural Identity and the Making of Modern Taiwanese Painting During the Colonial Period (1895-1945). Ann Arbor, MI (UMI) 2009, p. 240. - He is not to be confused with another Ching-cheng Huang (Huang Qingcheng), a scholar living on the Chinese mainland who published a work titled Zhong-Xi putong shumu biao (=General Chinese and Western Bibliography) in 1898.〕 He is counted among the important pioneers of Taiwanese modern art.〔Professor Hsien-tsung Lai (= pinyin: Shen-chon Lai) calls the artists Ching-cheng Huang, De-wang Chen (陳德旺), Rui-lin Hong (洪瑞麟), Wan-chuan Zhang (張萬傳) etc., who had formed an artists’ group consisting of painters and sculptors, “clear,” “innovative,” and “anti-establishment”. See: Hsien-tsung Lai, “Chaoyue fushi de yishu guanghua” (The Glory of Transcendent Art 超越浮世的藝術光華 ), in The Liberty Times (Taipei), Nov. 3, 2005 (edition ). - According to Ya-li Chen, Ching-cheng Huang must be acknowledged as a pioneer of modern sculpture in Taiwan and as one of the four “most important sculptors” of the Colonial period that ended in 1945. The others named by Ya-li Chen were: Tu-shui Huang(黃土水), Hsia-yu Chen(陳夏雨) and Tien-sheng Pu(蒲添生) See: Ya-li. Chen, “Taiwanese sculptors during the Japanese Occupation period,” in: Taiwan Culture (A publication edited and published by the Ministry of Culture, No.30-1, Beiping E. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10049, Taiwan (ROC)), Oct. 20, 2009〕 Prof. Lai mentions him in one breath with Ju Ming (朱銘).〔See Hsien-tsung Lai, ibidem. - Ju Ming (b. 1938) is of course a much younger and different artist but it gives us an idea of the importance attributed to Huang by a professor (and head of department at National Taipei University) who specializes in the philosophy of art.〕 Huang’s sculpture “Study of a Head” (頭像 ‘tóuxiàng’) was the first modern work of art in Taiwan that was declared a part of the island’s cultural heritage that is protected by a new law passed in 2009.〔See: Mei-xue Ling (staff reporter), “Xiàndài yìshù zuòpǐn shǒu lì huángqīngchéng diāosù zhǐdìng wéi zhòngyào gǔwù 現代藝術作品首例 黃清埕雕塑指定為重要古物 (Huang Ching-cheng’s Sculpture is the first modern art work designated as an important national heritage )”, in: The Liberty Times, March 25, 2009. See also website of the Ministry of Culture, Bureau of the Cultural Heritage which gives the following explanation for the designation of ‘Touxiang’ by Ching-cheng Huang as an important, specially protected cultural heritage: “Specific reasons” for designation: 1. The art work shows “important features of the times, with respect to technique and genre”, 2. it reveals “important artistic skills”, 3.it is of “excellent quality and scarce”, 4. it has “important historical, cultural and artistic value.” The decision to protect the work was taken on the basis of Cultural Heritage Preservation Law, Article 66. Section Two.〕 It is exhibited in the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts ((高雄市立美術館館長 Gāoxióng shìlì měishùguǎn guǎnzhǎng)).〔See: Mei-xue Ling, ibidem. See also: Kaohsiung Museum of Modern Art; website.〕
==Biography==
Ching-cheng Huang was born in Eastern Pond Village(池東村 chí dōngcūn), Siyu Township, on Western Islet (si yu = xi yǔ 西嶼 ), a small island of the Penghu Islands group (澎湖).〔The Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts gives the following information: “Pool East (or E. Pond) Village, Siyu Township, Penghu 澎湖西嶼鄉池東村 ”. See “Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 頭像.”, Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts ( 高雄市立美術館館長 ) website.- See also: Xiāo Cǎihuá 蕭彩華 (author), “黃清呈 Ching Cheng Huang ”(article), in: Encyclopedia of Taiwan http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/fprint?ID=9728.〕 This island group had been ceded to Japan by the Chinese government in 1895, like the rest of Taiwan and the Ryu-Kyo Islands, after the First Sino-Japanese War.
Ching-cheng Huang’s father owned a pharmacy.〔See: “Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 頭像.”, Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts website.〕 Ching-cheng Huang, who was raised in a fairly wealthy family, showed an interest in creative activity at an early age. As a boy, he already did small figures made of clay, his elder brother later remembered.〔He “liked to pinch clay” in order to do so. See: Cǎihuá Xiāo (蕭彩華)(author), “黃清呈 Ching Cheng Huang” (article), in: Encyclopedia of Taiwan, ibidem.〕 He also painted, showing considerable talent which prompted a teacher to encourage him.〔“During his childhood, he revealed a talent for painting. After elementary school, he encountered the teacher Liu Qingrong who appreciated his artistic talent very much and who encouraged him, often giving him guidance.” “Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 頭像.”, Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts website.〕 Because the pharmacy was located in Kaohsiung (高雄), a major location in South Taiwan which was already a fairly big city, he was sent there in 1925, in order to attend Kaohsiung Senior High School.〔In the 1920s, Kaohsiung, then known as Takao, had become “the second largest city in Taiwan, ahead of Tainan and Keelung.” Since 1931, the Japanese “intensified their investments on Taiwanese industries and transformed Takao (Kaohsiung)” into “the major industrial city in southern Taiwan.” (An Overview of the Administration of Kaohsiung City Government (2010), book publication. Partly republished in: Kaohsiung City Government website: http://rdec.kcg.gov.tw/newspics/4ee0b5044e08b/99_en.pdf).〕 He dropped out, however, because he dedicated too much time to painting.〔“In 1925, Huang was admitted to Kaohsiung Senior High School, but was submerged in painting and abandoned his studies.” See:“Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 頭像.”, ibidem.〕 Therefore, his father had him educated by a private teacher.〔Huang “withdrew to a private school of Ching dynasty scholar Liu after having returned home (to Penghu).” See: “Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 頭像.”, ibidem.〕 Because his father wanted him to become a pharmacist, he was sent to a teacher of pharmacology in 1933. Then, he went on to Tokyo, for advanced studies in pharmacology.〔“He was supposed to study pharmacology due to its father’s decision, in order to inherit his father’s pharmacy later on. Thus his father sent him in 1933 to study with Liu Qingrong as appropriate teacher and then also to Tokyo for advanced studies.” See: “Artist’s biography 藝 術 家 小 傳”, in: “Ching-cheng Huang: Study of A Head 黃清埕 , 頭像.”, ibidem.〕
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